International Gold Nanoparticles Definition
Definition:
International gold nanoparticles, also known as international gold clusters or AuNCs, are a class of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that are composed of a small number of gold atoms (typically less than 100) arranged in a specific three-dimensional structure. These nanoparticles are typically characterized by their high stability, unique electronic and optical properties, and their high surface-to-volume ratio.
Key Features:
* Size: International gold nanoparticles typically have diameters less than 2 nanometers (nm).
* Structure: They can adopt various structures, including spherical, octahedral, and tetrahedral shapes.
* Stability: International gold nanoparticles have high thermodynamic stability, making them resistant to oxidation and aggregation.
* Electronic properties: They exhibit size-dependent electronic properties that differ from bulk gold, enabling tunable electronic and optical responses.
* Optical properties: International gold nanoparticles exhibit strong surface plasmon resonance peaks in the visible and near-infrared regions, which can be tuned by varying their size, shape, and environment.
Synthesis and Applications:
International gold nanoparticles can be synthesized using various techniques, including chemical reduction, seed-mediated growth, and template-mediated synthesis. They have found applications in a wide range of fields, including:
* Biomedicine: Drug delivery, biosensing, and cancer therapy
* Catalysis: Industrial and environmental catalysis
* Optics and electronics: Plasmonic devices, optical sensors, and nonlinear optics
* Materials science: Nanocomposites, energy materials, and high-performance coatings
Regulation and Standardization:
Due to their widespread use and potential impact on human health and the environment, international gold nanoparticles have been the subject of increasing regulatory attention. Efforts are underway to develop standardized definitions, testing protocols, and safety guidelines for these materials. This aims to ensure their responsible use and mitigate potential risks associated with their application.
Conclusion:
International gold nanoparticles are a unique class of materials with remarkable properties and a wide range of applications. Their well-defined structure, stability, and tunable electronic and optical properties make them promising candidates for various technological advancements. Ongoing research and regulatory efforts are essential to harness the full potential of these nanoparticles while ensuring their safe and responsible use.
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